Icons legend/Ship Status Indicators

When the player's ship, or the ship that the player has currently targeted, takes certain types of damage (whether from a modified or standard weapon) the ship HUD will indicate this via the display of weapon effect icons shown below the relevant schematic for the affected ship.

Description	Effect	Sources
Corrosion	The Hull is reduced by 20 points and incoming damage is increased by a quarter.	Corrosive Shell
Caustic damage		Thargoid weapons and explosion clouds, ..?
Engine Disruption	Speed is reduced: changing ENG pips has no effect on the ship's max speed nor boost speed.	Drag Munitions
Engine Reboot	Temporarily disables thruster	Ion Disruptor, Thargoid Caustic Generator explosion
FSD Reboot	Temporarily disables FSD	FSD Interrupt, Containment Missile Powerplay weapon, Shift-Lock Canister
Hull Breach	Significant damage is directly dealt to modules	High-Yield Shell
Impulse Attack	Physically pushes the affected ship out of its previous trajectory. A Cannon with Force Shell can push the ship further with physical force.	Railgun, Force Shell
Increased Emissions	Increases the affected ship signature which makes the ship much easier to detect and generates heat faster	Emissive Munitions
Internal Damage	The ship can experience internal module damage	Overheating, Missile Racks (both dumbfire and seeker), strike on internal modules
Malfunction	A module will malfunction, regardless of the module's health. - Yellow icon: a low chance that a malfunction will occur. - Red icon: a malfunction becomes active. The Red icon is visible while receiving continuous weapon fire.	Scramble Spectrum, Pulse Disruptor
Mass Locked	Increases Supercruise FSD charge time from the default 5 seconds to over 1 minute. This does not affect System Jump FSD charge time.	Mass Lock Munition
Regeneration	Without frequent hull damage, the Shield Generator will recharge at a rate of 1000+	Concordant Sequence, Regeneration Sequence (two weapons only apply to teammates)
Being repaired	Hull of the ship is being repaired, restoring it's hitpoints	Repair Limpet, ..?
Sensor Disruption	The ship may experience reduced Sensor range and weapon target lock interference with decreased reliability.	Dazzle Shell, Seismic Charge explosion
Shield Breach	The Hull is directly damaged, regardless of shield power	Phasing Sequence, Thargoid Scout weapons
Shield Cell Cascade	Shield Cell Bank is damaged, and the shield restoration rate is reduced	Feedback Cascade
Shield Generator Attack	Direct damage to the Shield generator module	Station Defence Turret, Reverberating Cascade
Shield Reboot	Temporarily disable the shield	Unknown
Target Interference	Target lock is lost	Target Lock Breaker
Targeting Overload	Turreted and gimballed weapons are scrambled. It reduces the target tracking efficiency	Dispersal Field, Thargoid Titan Field
Thermal Attack	The ship will experience a rise in heat	Plasma Accelerator, Thermal Cascade, Thermal Shock

There is also an external ship status called "Hazardous Substance Detected" which often occurs as a replacement of "Internal Damage". It has a red grade-five material icon.