Template:IPA

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This template ensures proper display of a transcription in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It can also automatically provide a label indicating the language being transcribed and link to an explanatory guide. Its behavior changes drastically depending on whether more than one unnamed parameter is given. For broad transcriptions of English, use {{IPAc-en}} instead.

Usage

The behavior of this template changes significantly depending on whether more than one unnamed parameter is given.

Markup	Renders as
{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/}}	/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/
{{IPA|la|ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm}}	Latin pronunciation: [ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm]

Basic mode

The basic usage of this template is just to pass an IPA transcription as the first argument, as in:

Markup	Renders as
{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/}}	/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/

Which might not look different from just the transcription without the template (/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/), but it actually outputs:

<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˌlɔːrəm<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɪpsəm/</span>

That is, it adds

• the IPA class, allowing registered users to assign a typeface of their choice (see Help:IPA § Rendering issues for how);
• an IETF language tag indicating IPA as the writing system (see Template:Lang § Rationale for more);
• a title attribute, which appears as a tooltip when the mouse hovers over the transcription;
• the nowrap class, preventing line wrapping at inappropriate places like after / or ˌ;
• the wrap class to whitespace characters, allowing wrapping to occur at appropriate places.

All IPA text should be placed in the template, even if it consists entirely of ASCII characters, as in {{IPA|/mi/}}. This allows users to format all examples of IPA text consistently, and software like screen readers to interpret them accurately. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice}}.

Issue with linking

If the template is inside a wikilink, the link may not display correctly in certain namespaces (including the mainspace):

Markup	Renders as
[[Lorem ipsum|{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/}}]]	[[Lorem ipsum|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/]]

This is because the template by default inserts a category. To prevent it, add |cat=no, as in:

Markup	Renders as
[[Lorem ipsum|{{IPA|/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/|cat=no}}]]	/ˌlɔːrəm ˈɪpsəm/

Optional parameters

See also: § Common parameters

lang

IETF language tag (e.g. ar, pt-BR) to be followed by -Latn-fonipa, replacing und (undetermined).

tooltip

Replaces the default tooltip "Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)". Leaving it blank means no tooltip.

Guide-linking mode

If more than one unnamed parameter is given, the first one is recognized as a language code and the second as the transcription. The transcription is automatically linked to one of the language-specific keys if a corresponding one exists, or to Help:IPA if not, and preceded by a label with the name of the language, as in {{langx}}. Unlike in the basic mode, brackets are automatically added so need not be included in the input.

Markup	Renders as
{{IPA|la|ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm}}	Latin pronunciation: [ˌloːrɛm ˈɪpsʊm]
{{IPA|pt-BR|sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu|lang|Br-SaoPaulo.ogg}}	Brazilian Portuguese: [sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu]
{{IPA|ki|ɣēkōjó|link=yes}}	Gikuyu pronunciation: [ɣēkōjó]

Notice the transcriptions are linked to language-specific keys in the first two examples, and to the generic guide in the rest. The language name and article link are automatically taken from Module:Lang by passing the language tag, unless overridden in Module:IPA/data.

The behavior in this mode mimics {{IPA-xx}} templates that were created for a number of languages. {{IPA}} consolidates and replaces those templates for better maintenance and consistency.

Parameters

See also: § Common parameters

First unnamed parameter

IETF language tag (e.g. ar, pt-BR). See Template:Lang for more.

Second unnamed parameter

Transcription, without brackets.

Third unnamed parameter

Label code. Leave it blank to have no label at all. The label "[language name] pronunciation:" is used if the input is not empty but none of the below.

• lang: "[language name]:"
• ipa: "IPA:"
• pron: "pronounced"
• also: "also"
• alsolang: "also [language name]:"
• langalso: "[language name] also"
• local: "locally"
• localpron: "local pronunciation:"

Fourth unnamed parameter

Name of an audio file to accompany the transcription. Ignored if |audio= is given.

label

Text that precedes the transcription. Takes precedence over the third unnamed parameter.

link

If set to yes, the language name in the label will be linked to the article about the language.

small

If set to no, the label appears in the same size as the surrounding text. Be sure to use this where the text is already smaller, per MOS:SMALLTEXT (references, infoboxes, and navboxes are excluded by default).

generic

If set to yes, the transcription is linked not to the language-specific key but to the generic Help:IPA. This is required if the transcription does not adhere to the conventions laid out in the language-specific key, such as with non-standard dialects.

List of keys

These are defined in Module:IPA/data.

Common parameters

These parameters can be used in either mode.

audio

Name of an audio file to accompany the transcription. Takes precedence over the fourth unnamed parameter.

wrap

If set to none, wrapping is prevented for the entire transcription (i.e. the wrap class is not added to spaces). If set to all, no wrapping prevention takes place (i.e. the nowrap class is not added to the transcription).

class

HTML class(es) added to the span element containing the transcription.

cat

If set to no, the page will not be categorized under Category:Pages with plain IPA (basic mode) or a language-specific subcategory of Category:Pages with IPA (guide-linking mode).

Tracking categories

• A subcategory of Category:Pages with IPA (if this is a red link, create it with the content {{IPA language category}})
• Category:IPA template errors – added if more than one parameter is given and the first is an invalid language tag
• Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations – added if the transcription has audio

These are added only in Module:Category handler's default namespaces. If |debug=yes is given, the categories that would be added are shown as links, no matter the namespace. This is for testcases only.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:IPA in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for IPA

TemplateData

This template ensures proper display of transcriptions using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Its behavior changes drastically depending on whether more than one unnamed parameter is given. For dialect-neutral transcriptions of English, use IPAc-en instead.

Template parameters[Edit template data]

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

Parameter		Description	Type	Status
Transcription or language code	1	Transcription including brackets ([...] for a phonetic transcription and /.../ for a phonemic one) if this template is being used just for formatting. IETF language tag if used for linking the transcription to a language-specific key or introductory guide. Example [ɛɡzɑ̃pl], en	String	required
Transcription	2	Without brackets. Example ɛɡzɑ̃pl	String	optional
Label code	3	Replaces the default label "[language name] pronunciation:" with another canned one. Leave it blank to have no label. Suggested values lang ipa pron also alsolang langalso local localpron	String	optional
Audio file	audio 4	Name of an audio file to accompany the transcription.	File	optional
Label	label	Text that precedes the transcription. Unlike "Label code", this displays any wikitext as entered.	Line	optional
link	link	"yes" links the language name in the label to the article about the language. Suggested values yes	String	optional
small	small	"no" cancels the reduction of the label size. Suggested values no	String	optional
generic	generic	"yes" links the transcription to [[Help:IPA]] instead of a language-specific key. Required if the transcription does not adhere to the conventions of the language-specific key. Suggested values yes	String	optional
wrap	wrap	"none" prevents wrapping anywhere in the transcription. "all" cancels the prevention of wrapping after non-space characters in the transcription. Suggested values none all	String	optional
class	class	Additional HTML class(es) for the transcription.	String	optional
Language code	lang	IETF language tag when the first parameter is a transcription. Example en	String	optional
Tooltip	tooltip	Tooltip to replace the default one with. Leave it blank to have no tooltip.	String	optional
cat	cat	"no" cancels the categorization of the page into "Pages with [language name] IPA". Suggested values no	String	optional

Conversion templates

Some language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and convert them to the phonetic symbols used to transcribe the language.

Language	Template	Code example	Result
Cantonese	{{IPAc-yue}} (uses)	{{IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}}	[hʊŋ˧˥.tsi˧˥]
Hungarian	{{IPAc-hu}} (uses)	{{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}}	[ˈmɒɟɒr]
Mandarin	{{IPAc-cmn}} (uses)	{{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2}}	[ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ]
Polish	{{IPAc-pl}} (uses)	{{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}}	[ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin]

Some other conversion templates have also been created (see list at Special:PrefixIndex/Template:IPAc-), but they haven't been vetted by the community and may not produce output complying with the respective keys.

Template:IPA invokes Module:Navbox using Lua.

Usage

This template can be used to make a standard navigation box. It is intended for use within another template that standardises the title and contents of the box (see Template:ShipNavbox). This template SHOULD NOT be used directly within articles, as it creates a maintenance burden to do so whenever the contents of the box have to be updated.

The purpose of this template is to standardise the attributes of all navigation boxes, for example, their colours and other CSS attributes. The template is fairly simple, and could be extended to add other features in the future. Using this template allows changes to be implemented much quicker and easier than editing each template separately.

Syntax

{{navbox
|state      = uncollapsed, collapsed, plain, autocollapse (default)
|name       = mandatory - name of the template
|style      = optional - style for the whole table
|title      = mandatory - navbox header
|gtitleN    = optional - title of N-th group of items
|styleN     = optional - style for groupN; i.e. text-align
|groupN     = mandatory - list of groups of items
|fstyle     = optional - style for footer ; i.e. text-align
|footer     = optional - navbox footer
}}

• Groups: Currently there is no technical limit to the maximum number of groups.
  • Groups of items can be added as parameters: group1, group2, group3, ... up to groupN.
• Group title: Each group has its own title parameter: gtitle1, gtitle2, gtitle3, ... up to gtitleN. Note that the default width for the first column is 15%.
• Group style: Style may also be customised to each group in: style1, style2, style3, ... up to styleN.
  • Note that neither the title nor the items have any wiki-links built into the template. As a result, users of the template are free to use wiki-links as they wish.
• Line breaks: Line-breaks (<br />) are unnecessary, as text wrapping is done automatically by the template. This also includes links and text in gtitleN and groupN.
• Bullets: Create unordered lists with lines beginning with *.
• Pipe links: Because of the nature of template syntax, it may be necessary to use Template:! ({{!}}).

States

• Autocollapse: By default, the state of a navbox is "autocollapsed". This means that if the number of navboxes in a page exceeds the maximum allocation of the collapsible navboxes, then the remaining navboxes are collapsed automatically. For more information (or to change the setting), see MediaWiki:Common.js.
  • Currently, the autocollapse allocation is 2 (see MediaWiki:Common.js). This means that if there are 3 navboxes in a page, the third and subsequent navboxes will be collapsed automatically.
• Uncollapsed: Forces the navbox to be displayed.
  • All of the navboxes in this documentation are in the uncollapsed state.
• Collapsed: The reverse of uncollapsed. Forces the navbox to be hidden instead.
  • Navboxes with a height of more than 300 pixels will also be collapsed automatically. For more information (or to change the setting), see MediaWiki:Common.js.
• Plain: Removes the "show/hide" link.

Sub-groups

• For larger navboxes, it may be necessary to include sub-groups within a particular group of items. It is also possible to collapsible navboxes within the parent navbox, see Collapsible sub-groups.
• To create sub-groups within {{navbox}}, certain parameters are to be included:
  • The parent navbox group (i.e. group2 in the example below) requires the type parameter (gtype2 = Subgroup).
  • The nested navbox (sub-group) requires the inclusion of the sub-group parameter (subgroup = yes). This enables the template to differentiate between the sub-group and the parent navbox.

{{navbox
|name    =
|title   =
|gtitle1 =
|group1  =
|gtitle2 =  
|gtype2  = Subgroup (mandatory)
|group2  = 
  {{navbox
  |subgroup = yes (mandatory)
  |gtitle1  = 
  |group1   =
  |gtitle2  = 
  |group2   = 
  }}
}}

Collapsible sub-groups

• For extremely long navboxes, it is recommended to use collapsible navboxes within the parent navbox. Further sub-groups can then be added to these collapsible navboxes.
• To create collapsible sub-groups within {{navbox}}, these parameters need to be included:
  • The parent navbox is almost always uncollapsed (state=uncollapsed).
  • The parent navbox group (i.e. group1 in the example below) requires the type parameter (gtype1 = Subgroup).
  • The nested collapsible navbox requires the inclusion of the collapsible parameter (collapsible = yes). This enables the template to differentiate between the collapsible navbox and the parent navbox.
  • The nested collapsible navbox is forcefully collapsed (state=collapsed).

{{navbox
|state  = uncollapsed
|name   = 
|gtype1 = Subgroup
|group1 = 
  {{navbox
  |collapsible = yes
  |state   = collapsed
  |title   = 
  |gtitle1 = 
  |group1  = 
  |gtitle2 = 
  |group2  = 
  }}
}}

Use of images

• The use of images in navboxes is permitted, but please resize the images to keep them small. Inventory-sized images (25-30 pixels) are recommended.
• Please use {{t|plink}} to create links with images. Use {{t|plink}} for any case where text is not desired after the link. It functions the same as {{t|plink}}, but it does not produce a wikilink in text. Use {{t|chatl}} to link chatheads. These templates create links for both the image and text (except for {{t|plink}}) using far less wikicode than the standard syntax.

Link and file share the same name

{{plink|Item}}

File name differs from the link

{{plink|Item|File}}

Link and file share the same name, but different text is desired to display

{{plink|Item|alt=Text}}

File name differs from the link and different text is desired to display

{{plink|Item|File|alt=Text}}

Categorising

Navboxes are very useful for transcluding categories onto a large number of pages that share both a trait and the navigation box. For example: Template:ShipNavbox transcludes Category:Ships onto every page that uses it.

There are 2 methods of categorising pages with navboxes:

The first way is with {{t|Ctg}}. This is the preferred method, and can be used in most cases. The rules and operations for the Category handler template are very simple; however, they are enough to produce the desired results on most pages.

Categorisation should only be used on a template for large-scale addition. It is unhelpful, for example, to use a rule that only applies to 1 page.

Examples

To see the following navboxes in action, see Template:Navbox.

Single line navbox with centered list

{{navbox
|name    = 
|title   = 
|style1  = text-align:center
|group1  =
}}

Navbox with standard footer

{{navbox
|name    = 
|title   = 
|gtitle1 = 
|group1  = 
|footer  = Centered footer
}}

Navbox with styled footer

{{navbox
|name    = 
|title   = 
|gtitle1 = 
|group1  = 
|fstyle  = text-align:right
|footer  = Right-aligned footer
}}

Multiple line navbox

{{navbox
|name    = 
|title   = 
|gtitle1 = Group title 1
|group1  = 
|gtitle2 = Group title 2
|group2  = 
|gtitle3 = Group title 3
|group3  = 
}}

Collapsed navbox

{{navbox
|state   = collapsed
|name    = 
|title   = 
|style1  = text-align:center
|group1  = 
}}

Plain navbox with Tnavbar

{{navbox
|state   = plain
|name    = 
|title   = 
|style1  = text-align:center
|group1  = 
}}

Plain navbox without Tnavbar

{{navbox
|state   = plain
|title   = 
|style1  = text-align:center
|group1  = 
}}

Complicated navbox

{{navbox
|state   = uncollapsed
|name    = 
|title   = 
|gtitle1 = Level 1 Title 1
|group1  = 
|gtitle2 = Level 1 Title 2
|group2  = 
|gtitle3 = Level 1 Title 3
|group3  = 
|gtitle4 = Level 1 Title 4
|group4  = 
|gtitle5 = Level 1 Title 5
|gtype5  = Subgroup
|group5  = 
  {{navbox
  |subgroup = Yes
  |gtitle1  = Level 2 Title 1
  |group1   =
  |gtitle2  = Level 2 Title 2
  |group2   =
  |gtitle3  = Level 2 Title 3
  |gtype3   = Subgroup
  |group3   = 
    {{navbox
    |subgroup = Yes
    |gtitle1  = Level 3 Title 1
    |group1   =
    |gtitle2  = Level 3 Title 2
    |group2   =
    }}
  |gtitle4  = Level 2 Title 4
  |group4   = 
  }}
|gtitle6 = Level 1 Title 6
|group6  = 
|gtitle7 = Level 1 Title 7
|group7  = 
|fstyle  = 
|footer  = 
}}

Preventing unwanted documentation

The Navbox template's documentation is automatically transcluded under the navbox on any Template namespace page. It is not transcluded when used as a sub-group or collapsible sub-group template (subgroup= yes or collapsible=yes).

Should the documentation appear when it is unwanted, it can be hidden by setting the doc parameter doc=no on the template. In most cases, the doc parameter is NOT used and the parameter is removed completely.