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This template is used to produce a phonetic or phonemic representation (using the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] system) of [[Mandarin Chinese]] words or sounds, using [[Pinyin]] input to avoid the need to search for the correct phonetic symbols. The result is wikilinked to [[Help:IPA/Mandarin]]. Optionally, an audio file can also be specified.

==Usage==
The number of parameters is always limited to 41 (Note: parameter #41 can only be a tone number).

Normal usage:
* {{tlx|IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|_show_result=yes}}
* {{tlx|IPAc-cmn|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2|_show_result=yes}}

With an audio file:
* {{tlx|IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-hànyǔ.ogg|h|an|4|yu|3|_show_result=yes}}

To change the delimiters (for example, if several instances of the template need to be strung together because of the limit on the number of parameters):
* {{tlx|IPAc-cmn|[-|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2|_show_result=yes}}
* {{tlx|IPAc-cmn|-]|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2|_show_result=yes}}

The full range of special values for the first parameter (changing the delimiters and/or specifying that the next parameter is an audio file) is as follows:
*<code>-- [- -] // /- -/ AUD -]AUD //AUD -/AUD</code>

For example, to link an audio clip as well as change delimeters:
* {{tlx|IPAc-cmn|-/AUD|Zh-hànyǔ.ogg|h|an|4|yu|3|_show_result=yes}}

==Initials==

The following initials are used as in Pinyin, and represent their normal sounds in Standard Mandarin:
*<code>b p m f d t n l g k h j q x	zh ch sh r z c s</code>

==Finals==

Each final should be entered as a whole parameter, and as if it were not preceded by an initial, though in most cases either form is acceptable:
*<code>yong</code> (or <code>iong</code>), <code>wa</code> (or <code>ua</code>), etc.

But note that the finals with ⟨ü⟩, despite usually being written ⟨u⟩ in Pinyin, must either be substituted with <code>yu ü v</code>, or written together with the initial j, q, or x. Similarly, the null final of ''shi, ri'', etc. must either be substituted with <code>^</code> (a caret), or written together with the initial z(h) c(h) s(h) or r.

[[Erhua]] is indicated simply with an ‹-r› as part of the final, e.g., <code>angr</code>.

==List of Pinyin finals accepted for template input==
<!--{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}-->
*<code>^</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|^}}
*<code>ai</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ai}}
*<code>an</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|an}}
*<code>a</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|a}}
*<code>ang</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ang}}
*<code>ao</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ao}}
*<code>ei</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ei}}
*<code>en</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|en}}
*<code>ê</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ê}}
*<code>e</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|e}}
*<code>eng</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|eng}}
*<code>yi, i</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yi}}
*<code>yin, in</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yin}}
*<code>ying, ing</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ying}}
*<code>ya, ia</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ya}}
*<code>yang, iang</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yang}}
*<code>yao, iao</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yao}}
<!--{{col-4}}-->
*<code>ye, ie</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ye}}
*<code>yan, ian</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yan}}
*<code>you, iu</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|you}}
*<code>yo, io</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yo}}
*<code>yong, iong</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yong}}
*<code>ou</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ou}}
*<code>o</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|o}}
*<code>wu</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wu}}
*<code>yue, üe, ve</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yue}}
*<code>yuan, üan, van</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yuan}}
*<code>ong</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ong}}
*<code>wa, ua</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wa}}
*<code>wai, uai</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wai}}
*<code>wan, uan</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wan}}
*<code>wang, uang</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wang}}
*<code>wei, ui</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wei}}
*<code>wen, un</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wen}}
<!--{{col-4}}-->
*<code>weng</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|weng}}
*<code>wo, uo, o</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wo}}
*<code>yu, ü, v</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yu}}
*<code>yun, ün, vn</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yun}}
*<code>er, ar, air, anr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|er}}
*<code>angr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|angr}}
*<code>aor</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|aor}}
*<code>^r</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|^r}}
*<code>eir, enr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|eir}}
*<code>engr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|engr}}
*<code>e'r</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|e'r}}
*<code>yar, iar</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yar}}
*<code>yanr, ianr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yanr}}
*<code>yangr, iangr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yangr}}
*<code>yaor, iaor</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yaor}}
*<code>yinr, inr, yir, ir</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yir}}
*<code>yer, ier</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yer}}
*<code>yingr, ingr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yingr}}
<!--{{col-4}}-->
*<code>your, iur</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|your}}
*<code>yongr, iongr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yongr}}
*<code>our</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|our}}
*<code>yuanr, üanr, vanr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yuanr}}
*<code>yur, ür, vr, yunr, ünr, vnr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yur}}
*<code>yuer, üer, ver</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|yuer}}
*<code>ongr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|ongr}}
*<code>war, uar, wair, uair, wanr, uanr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|war}}
*<code>wangr, uangr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wangr}}
*<code>weir, uir, wenr, unr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|weir}}
*<code>wengr</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wengr}}
*<code>wur</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wur}}
*<code>wor, uor</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|wor}}
*<code>M</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|M}}
*<code>N</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|N}}
*<code>NG</code> = {{IPAc-cmn|NG}}
<!--{{col-end}}-->

===Tones===

The tones are indicated by their traditional [[tone number]], entered as the parameter after the final of the syllable. Note that this template uses IPA tone diacritics, which are different from the Pinyin tone diacritics:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;"
|-
! Tone number!! Description !! Input !! Result !! Pinyin
|-
| 1 ||high|| {{demo|<nowiki>{{IPAc-cmn|a|1}}</nowiki>|br={{!}}{{!}}}} || ā
|-
| 2 ||rising|| {{demo|<nowiki>{{IPAc-cmn|a|2}}</nowiki>|br={{!}}{{!}}}} || á
|-
| 3 ||low|| {{demo|<nowiki>{{IPAc-cmn|a|3}}</nowiki>|br={{!}}{{!}}}} || ǎ
|-
| 4 ||falling|| {{demo|<nowiki>{{IPAc-cmn|a|4}}</nowiki>|br={{!}}{{!}}}} || à
|-
| 5 || neutral||{{demo|<nowiki>{{IPAc-cmn|a|5}}</nowiki>|br={{!}}{{!}}}} || a
|}

==Special parameters==

The following parameters have special meanings:
*<code>-</code> (hyphen) for a space between words
*<code>.</code> (period) for a syllable break
*<code>'</code> (apostrophe) for a primary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)
*<code>,</code> (comma) for a secondary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)

Other values used as parameters will be displayed unconverted. (The conversion system is coded in [[Template:c-cmn]].  The tones are encoded in [[Template:tone-cmn]])

==See also==
* [[Help:IPA/Mandarin]]
* [[Standard Chinese phonology]]
* {{tl|IPAc-yue}} – IPA template for [[Cantonese]]

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